Part 7: Advanced Methods - AFM, XAS, NMR
Advanced Methods
Technique
When conventional tools reach their limits, advanced probes like Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) or Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), and solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) offer deeper insights.
Observation
AFM - maps nanoscale roughness and stiffness to detect crack initiation.
XAS/XANES - reveals oxidation states and coordination around transition metals.
NMR - resolves lithium environments and cation disorder.
“These methods connect atomic-scale information with bulk electrochemical behaviour, bridging theory and performance.”
NCM v LFP
NCM & LFP: Used to track local atomic distortions, Li-ion sites, and surface coatings under realistic cycling conditions.
Impact on Cell KPIs
Advanced techniques enable predictive control of structure-property relationships, accelerating material optimization for high-performance batteries.
