An introduction to technical due diligence in LFP sourcing, covering supplier datasheets, independent powder characterisation, representative electrode and cell testing, manufacturing capability and supplier-quality assessment.

A concise history of LFP cathode-material development, from its discovery and early conductivity limitations to carbon coating, nanoscale engineering, patent changes, industrialisation and the informal Gen 1–5 evolution.

A practical introduction to layered, spinel and polyanionic cathode materials, explaining how crystal structure and composition shape the trade-offs between energy density, power, lifetime, safety and cost.

Why LFP remains a leading lithium-ion battery chemistry and how continued advances in cathode materials, electrode design and cell engineering are improving energy density, fast charging, low-temperature performance, lifetime and cost.

A practical summary linking cathode-powder morphology, composition, crystal structure, surface chemistry, nanostructure, porosity and thermal behaviour to cell-level KPIs including energy density, power, lifetime, safety and cost.

An overview of advanced techniques used when conventional characterisation is insufficient. AFM, XAS and solid-state NMR provide deeper insight into nanoscale surfaces, element-specific atomic environments, lithium occupation and local structural changes.

Explore how gas adsorption, BET, DSC and TGA assess specific surface area, accessible porosity, thermal reactions and carbon content, and how these properties relate to electrode processing, rate performance and material stability.

Discover how TEM and HRTEM reveal primary-particle structure, lattice fringes, interfaces, defects and nanoscale coatings, and why these features can influence resistance, rate capability and cycle life.

Learn how Raman and FTIR provide complementary information about local bonding, structural disorder, phosphate vibrations, surface residues and carbon coatings in Li-ion cathode materials.

Explore how XRD identifies crystal structure and crystalline secondary phases, while XPS examines surface composition and oxidation states. Together, they help assess cathode-material quality, stability and potential performance risks.

Learn how FE-SEM and EDS reveal cathode-particle morphology, agglomeration and elemental distribution, and how these powder characteristics can influence electrode processing, active-material utilisation, rate capability and manufacturing consistency.

An introduction to the main techniques used to characterise Li-ion cathode powders, and how morphology, crystal structure, surface chemistry and thermal behaviour connect to electrode processing and cell performance.