1.4. Lattice Vibrations (Raman & FTIR)

Written By Dr. Rupa Kasturi Palanisamy

Lattice Vibrations

Technique

Raman and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy detect lattice vibrations and molecular bonds. These tools identify disorder, bonding strength, and impurities invisible to XRD.

Observation

  • Characteristic vibrational modes - are bands sharp and well-defined?

  • Peak shifts - do they indicate strain, oxygen loss, or distortion?

  • Organic residues - are unwanted binders or precursors present?

“Vibrational spectra serve as fingerprints of structural stability. Band shifts or broadening reveal internal stress that may affect performance”

NCM v LFP

  • NCM: A₁g and Eg modes (480–600 cm⁻¹); shifts signal strain or oxygen loss.

  • LFP: Strong PO₄³⁻ stretching (950–1050 cm⁻¹); stable peaks confirm robust olivine structure.

Impact on Cell KPIs

Stable vibrational modes correlate with mechanical integrity and longer cycling stability.

Dr. Rupa Kasturi Palanisamy

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1.5. Nanostructure Imaging (TEM & HRTEM)
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1.3. Structural & Surface Chemistry (XRD & XPS)